Lung cancer is the result of abnormal division and proliferation of cells that eventually form a mass known as a tumor. These tumors are either malignant or benign. If benign, they can be removed and will not spread to other parts of the body. Malignant tumors, however, are known to spread aggressively throughout the surrounding tissue and usually invade other parts of the body.

Metastasis is the term used to describe the spread of cancer cells. Because lung cancer is known to metastasize at a rapid rate, it is one of the most difficult forms of cancer to treat.

What causes lung cancer?

• Smoking: Research shows that 90 percent of lung cancer cases are directly related to tobacco use. The risk of developing lung cancer is increased in those who smoke heavy amounts on a regular basis. Studies indicate that one in seven people who smoke two packs of cigarettes a day will die of lung cancer.

• Second-hand smoke: Individuals who do not smoke, but live or work with someone who does can be at risk of developing lung cancer. It is estimated that 3,000 people die of lung cancer each year as a result of second-hand smoke.

• Asbestos : Asbestos is a natural occurring mineral that, in its natural state, is not harmful. It is composed of durable, microscopic fibers. If asbestos is damaged or disturbed, the fibers separate and can form a toxic dust that can be easily ingested. If ingested, the asbestos fibers can settle into the lungs and may eventually lead to the development of lung cancer.

• Genetics: While tobacco use and asbestos exposure increase the risk of developing lung cancer, there is evidence that some cases are directly linked to genetics.

What are the symptoms of lung cancer?

Symptoms vary depending on the severity of the disease and the overall health and age of the individual. Lung cancer can be difficult to detect, as many individuals do not show symptoms during the early stages of development. Often times, doctors stumble across the malignant tumors during a routine chest x-ray. However, following are common symptoms among individuals with lung cancer:

• Shortness of breath and difficulty breathing
• Uncontrollable coughing, wheezing
• Extreme chest pain
• Coughing up blood
• Fatigue, weakness

If you are experiencing any of the above symptoms, see your physician as soon as possible.